维基百科革命The Wikipedia Revolution 下载 fb2 pdf rb kindle 115盘 极速 azw3

Since Wikipedia was launched online in 2001 as "the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit," it has blossomed to more than a billion words spread over 10 million articles in 250 languages, including 2.5 million articles in English, according to Wikipedia cofounder Wales in the foreword. Lih, a Beijing-based commentator on new media and technology for NPR and CNN, researched Wikipedia and collaborative journalism as a University of Hong Kong academic, and he has been a participating "Wikipedian" himself for the past five years. He notes the site has "invigorated and disrupted the world of encyclopedias... yet only a fraction of the public who use Wikipedia realize it is entirely created by legions of unpaid and often unidentified volunteers." Other books have surfaced (How Wikipedia Works; Wikinomics), but Lih's authoritative approach covers much more, from the influence of Ayn Rand on Wikipedia cofounder Jimmy Wales and the "burnout and stress" of highly active volunteer editor-writers to controversies, credibility crises and vandalism. Wales's more traditional earlier encyclopedia, the peer-reviewed Nupedia, began to fade after he saw how Ward Cunningham's software invention, Wiki (Hawaiian for "quick"), could generate collaborative editing. Tracing Wikipedia's evolution and expansion to international editions, Lih views the encyclopedia as a "global community of passionate scribes," attributing its success to a policy of openness which is "not so much technical phenomenon as social phenomenon." (Mar.)

Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Acknowledgments

Foreword by Jimmy Wales

Chapter 1_THE WIKI PHENOMENON

　History

Chapter 2_A NUPEDIA

　What Is an Encyclopedia?

　Alabama Rising

　The Mother of All Directories

　RMS

　Linux on the Scene

　Remember DMOZ

　The Nupedia Idea

　Nupedia's Rules

　The Nupedians

Chapter 3_WIKI ORIGINS

　Ward's Start

　HyperCard's Inspirations

　A Web Browser

　Viola

　HyperCard Revisited

Chapter 4_WIKI INTRODUCED

　Slashdotting

　Contributing the Meaning of Everything

　The GFDL

　UseMod Grows

　Give Me More Space

　Server Load

Chapter 5_COMMUNITY AT WORK (THE PIRANHA EFFECT)

　Usenet's Legacy

　Lessons from Usenet

　Growth

　How Wikipedia Works

　Urban Jungle

　Signaling One Another

　Then Came the Bots

　Lots of Red Dots

　Peer Production

　Dot Map Obsession

　Essays, Guidelines, and Policy

　Fix It Yourself

　What to Include

　Gaming the Vote

　Small Ball

　Gdansk/Danzig Wars

Chapter 6_WIKIPEDIA GOES INTERNATIONAL

　To Split or Not to Split

　Spanish Wikipedia Fork

　Making It Multilingual

　Encoding Language

　A Colossal Waste of Space

　Japanese Wikipedia

　German Wikipedia

　Chinese Wikipedia

　Serbian Wikipedia and Kazakh Wikipedia

　African Languages

　The Numbers Game

Chapter 7_TROLLS,VANDALS,AND SOCK PUPPETS,OH MY

……

Chapter 8_CRISIS OF COMMUNITY

Chapter 9_WIKIPEDIA MAKES WAVES

Afterword

Notes

Index

ANDREW LIH was an academic in new media and journalism for ten years, at Columbia University and Hong Kong University. He has been a commentator on new media, technology, and journalism issues on CNN, MSNBC, and NPR. Lih is based in Beijing.

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